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In comics, scenes and actions of people are sometimes expressed by presenting the picture in order to convey information. It has its own unique format, such as coma and fuki-dashi. However, music is often represented not by onomatopoeia, but by pictures or the lines between panels. The pictures dynamically depict the development of the story and constitute the essential part of the information (different from illustrations).Īuditory information is presented in the form of text for character dialogue and onomatopoeia for sound. The presentation of visual information in the form of a picture (not a written explanation). Modern cartoons can be divided into two categories: comics, which are narrative “panel cartoons,” and cartoons, which are “single-panel cartoons,” and were developed worldwide in the 20th century under the influence of movies and other media. Manga is characterized by simplification and abstraction of events. Its forms are so diverse that a strict definition is almost meaningless.

It has a long history and has existed in various forms depending on the time period, region, and social strata. It can be vulgar laughter like the graffiti at Horyuji Temple, ridicule of the system like the leaflets on the eve of the French Revolution, or sometimes sharp black humor that shakes human existence like Goya. Temporality is “the ability to grasp everything in a single view,” while linearity is “the ability to trace and grasp parts in a flow.

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In this section, I will explain not only Japanese manga but manga in general.Ī cartoon is a series of pictures that is a combination of temporality and linearity. The word “manga” in this sense became widespread in the early Showa period and has come to be established as the modern term “manga. In Japan, the word “manga” was first used as a Japanese translation of the words “comic” and “cartoon” imported during the Meiji era by Rakuten Kitazawa and Imaizumi Kazuhyo, and since then, manga has been treated as synonymous with the comic. The notation “manga” is also used more widely than kanji, especially when used in a broad sense, as the character for “comic” evokes humor. In a broader definition, it includes gekiga, story manga, doodles, and anime, which are not necessarily intended for laughter and have a broad meaning.

In its narrowest definition, a comic book is a picture intended to be funny, similar to the concept of a caricature.

Mangao fox